Any of a variety of conditions that are characterized by significant impairment of brain tissue and resultant loss of brain function including degenerative illnesses (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke and other cerebrovascular accidents), genetic variations or mutations that affect the development and functioning of the brain either in utero or following birth, traumatic brain injury, post infection damage, brain tumours, and permanent damage that occurs as a result of seizures, substance toxicity or other disorders as well as conditions affecting the brain that are present prior to birth.

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Any of a variety of conditions that occur following birth including traumatic damage in the birth process or as the result of an accident (the most common of which are vehicular accidents, falls, acts of violence and sports injuries), anoxia or hypoxic episodes and allergic conditions, toxic substances and other acute medical/clinical incidents that are characterized by significant destruction of brain tissue and resultant loss of brain function. Examples of brain injuries include hematomas, blood clots, contusions or bruising of brain tissue, cerebral edema (swelling inside the skull), concussions and strokes.

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