Programs that provide counselling services for individuals at risk for contracting or transmitting the HIV virus with the objective of supporting their ability to make behaviour changes that will reduce their risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. Counselling involves a personal risk assessment, development of a personalized action plan and the decision to seek an HIV test. Individuals who have a history of injection drug use, unprotected intercourse or sexual contact, sexual activity at a young age, multiple sex partners, sexually transmitted infection, and/or sex trade work are considered to be at high or increased risk and are targets for prevention counselling.

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Programs that distribute condoms, lubricants, dental dams, and/or other supplies that can be used to help stop the spread of sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C, among high-risk populations. Distribution programs include self serve dispensers and vending machines. Individuals who have a history of injection drug use, unprotected intercourse or sexual contact, sexual activity at a young age, multiple sex partners, sex with a high-risk partner, sexually transmitted infection, and/or sex trade work are considered to be at high or increased risk.

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Programs that help prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and other blood-borne infectious diseases by providing new, sterile and single use equipment and biohazard containers for safe disposal, in order to reduce the spread of these diseases. Supplies provided may vary per program and can include safe injection supplies, safe inhalation supplies, drug testing, and antidotes to reverse an overdose from opioids. Also included are supplies for safe hormone injection for trans, gender diverse, and two-spirited individuals who face unique barriers and inequitable access to gender-affirming health care services. The distribution of supplies is part of a comprehensive public health disease prevention strategy with the goal to reduce re-using and sharing drug use equipment.

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